Chieftain Elod by unknown artist
"Though the Magyars appear in the South Russian steppes from 835 forward, their concerted movement into Central Europe did not ensue until 889, cf. Reginonis Chron., ed F. Kurze (Hanover, 1890), pp. 131-132, stating that this movement was the direct result of Pecheneg (Patzinak) pressure.
The Pechenegs (Patzinaks), a Turko-Tartar tribe and the most threatening nomad foe of the Kievan principality prior to 1034, moved into the steppes from the area between the Volga and the Yaik early in the ninth century, driving the Magyars before them into the Danube basin. Their first contact with the princes of Kiev occurred in 915; cf. Niederle, Puv. Slov. Vych., pp. 53-54. The Magyars (here referred to as "Black Ugrians") are found on the Don in contact with the Khazars by 833, and under Pecheneg pressure reached the lower Danube by 860. Their chronological association with Oleg (infra., under 888-898) points to their ultimate movement into Hungary via the Carpathians; Niederle, op. cit., pp. 36- 38. While akin to the Polovcians (Polovtsy), they were not identical with them (contrary to Bury, Eastern Roman Emp., p. 411, n. 4)."
-The Russian Primary Chronicle, Laurentian Text, translated and edited by Samuel Hazzard Cross & Olgerd P. Sherbowitz-Wetzor
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