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Xiongnu crown from Aluchaideng with turquoise-headed eagle, Warring States Period 5th-3rd C. BCE

"According to the Book of Han, "the Xiongnu called Heaven (天) 'Chēnglí,' (撐犁) a Chinese transcription of Tengri. The oldest form of the name is recorded in Chinese annals, describing the beliefs of the Xiongnu." 

-taken from wikipedia

...

"6.10 Kings and Officers of the Xiongnu: The family name of the Chanyu was the Luandi clan; the people in his Kingdom called him Chengli Gutu Chanyu. Xiongnu's words for Heaven was Chengli, and son was Gutu, while Chanyu meant immense and vast; the meaning of which was, the Chanyu - being immense and vast was the Son of Heaven."

-Hanshu Xiongnu Zhuan Volume 94 Number 64 A. The Western Regions, Xiongnu, and Han (from the Shiji, Hanshu, and Hou Hanshu) translated and annotated by Joseph P. Yap (page 289) 


Xiongnu crown with turquoise-headed eagle, Warring States Period 5th-3rd C. BCE. The bird's head and tail are connected by gold wiring that allows them to move with the wearer. From Aluchaideng, Inner Mongolia. Inner Mongolian Regional Museum, Hohhot. 















Image from Rita Willaert's flickr. The Hun Museum.

The organic cloth that was bound to the crown is gone, leaving this part to the imagination.









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